Between 'Just' and 'Unjust' Wars: The Commemoration of the First World War in Interwar Britain Hiroshi TSUDA This paper examines the commemoration of the First World War in interwar Britain and the war represented as the 'just war' through it. As many scholars argue, the First World War made a significant impact on the British people. Large numbers of war memorials including the Cenotaph at Whitehall were rapidly built throughout Britain immediately after the war. These memorials and commemorative ceremonies held before them quickly became 'sites of mourning' for the bereaved women, especially for the 'widows'. Armistice Day's ceremonies such as Two Minutes Silence and Poppy Appeal by the British Legion had created a myth of 'the war to end all wars' since the 1920s. Memory of the 'Great War' was often characterized by apocalyptic and redemptive images. However, the myth also generated ambivalent attitudes towards the war. In 'extreme' pacifist view, remembering the war dead as 'the Glorious Dead' and emphasizing the meaning of their sacrifice inevitably meant glorifying the war itself rather than expressing feeling of personal bereavement or sorrow. In fact, the language of commemoration used the same rhetoric of vernacular nationalism. This conflict became more visible in the development of 'White Poppy' movement by the Women's Co-operative Guild (WCG) and Peace Pledge Union (PPU) in the 1930s. The outbreak of the Second World War, the next 'just war', reshaped the way of war commemoration in the postwar period. This paper maintains that the commemoration of the First World War laid not only the negative war memory in interwar years but also the foundation of the memory of the 'just war' and the militaristic nature of the Remembrance Sunday after the Second World War.