Market-Police and City: The Origin of the Police-legislation in late-medieval Bavaria Satoshi SHIGAKI Police ordinances in Bavaria originated in the middle of the fifteenth century. In the first step comes the regulation of the market and trade, especially the ban of the Fürkauf (buy in advance). Since the 1460s the ordinances were expanded in quite different areas, namely on the terms of employment of the ducal offices, security of the land, expenditure control, moral regulation etc. These orders have prepared the land ordinance of 1516. One knows that the police in cities have offered the model of the police of territorial states. Moreover, cities played a not to underestimate role, with the development of such state police, particularly with the formation of the Market-police. Market-police aimed at the price stabilization and supply with foods and forbade in addition the Fürkauf. It was a heavy problem for cities and already since the fourteenth century the Munich council prohibited the Fürkauf to the citizens. But the council could not supervise the Fürkauf on the land and prevent that of foreign traders. Therefore, cities required the ducal control outside the city. They directed their trouble on the state parliaments to the duke. Complaints of the estates made the administration’s situation clear and gave occasion to a new ordinance. Most complaints were submitted by the whole estates, however also complaints of individual cities or the city estate are left in the state parliament protocols. These are marked by the interest in problems of trade, above all, of the Fürkauf, against it complaints of the nobility estate demanded the free trade that exported many grain and could lead the rise of the grain price. This points out that cities took the initiative in the legislation of the Market-police. This eldest police legislation created the prerequisites for the following police ordinances. Firstly, it determined the process of the legislation and secondly, provided for the duke the authentication for the patriarchal reign. It was formulated in the form of the “common use”. Cities exerted a large influence on it and promoted the early-modern state building.