The influence of Neo-Liberalism for regional integration in Southamerica
- in 1990s’Argentina
by U4 Suguru HARADA
November 28th 2007
1.Theoretical basis
Karl POLANYI's "Social double movement"insists the interaction between market and society.Self-regulating market is equal to the ideal market in neo-iberalism.
2.Integration movement in Latin America
Facing with the disruption of trade system by Great depression and World Wars,Import-substitutional industrialization was taken as national policy.To resolve limit of small internal market, Integration was intented on. But because of protectionism
of each country, it was failed.
3.Forced turning point of national policy
Oil shock and hypertrophied public sector imposed on Latin American countries excessive external debt. Finally it ended with default. the presented basic condition for reschedule was structural reform and abandonment of protectionism. This also revived integration movement. At the same time, U.S proposed ALCA to secure U.S market under U.S standard.
4.Argentine politic and society
In Peron's era, with the raise of laborer movement, nation’s initiative in industrialization was established. It means nation’s role as redistributor was reinforced.Under Menem's administration, neo-liberalism was taken,actually it means the choice of direction to realizing self-regulating market and national role was reduced.In 21th century, uncontrollable economy was ended as current crisis with the intensification of protest. Now, neo-liberalism is abandoned.
5.Today's Mercosur
Venezuelan affiliation and Bolivian manifestation,IIRSA, and CSN idea is declared
These signify their direction;seeking semi-self-development way,protection against external pressure
6.Conclusion
Confrontation with the drastic change caused by “realizing self-regulating market” movement, to counter against it, Latin American countries aim for a union.In this context, ALCA, the way to subordinate to external market, will be denied naturally.
The Summary of the Question and Answer of HARADA’s Presentation
by U4 Syouji TSUMURA(06/ 12/2007)
Q: What products are exported from Argentina?
A: Soy beans and beef are main products for exportation. Other product of export is automobiles
Q: What proportion do soy beans account for and which countries import?
A: I don’t have the data now. But the all products export mainly the U.S., European countries and Brazil. As for automobiles, in Argentina the parts of a car are produced and the complete cars aren’t produced. Cars complete in Brazil or Chile to adopt the parts of cars produced in Argentina.
Q: Please tell us about the direct intervention by America.
A: Am example is Haiti. America intervened Haiti by their military to reconstruct the country. Latin American countries have regarded U.S' intervention as dangerous since 9.11.
Q: How many countries join in Mercosur and which countries join in?
A: Today, 5 countries join in it and its members are Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Venezuela.
Q: Mercosur is alike European Union. In EU countries, people can go across the border without passport. Within Mercosur, people can do like that?
A: Basically people can do, but partly can’t. For example, From Chile to Cusco, Peru, people don’t need to have their passport but to Lima, Peru, people have to prepare their passport.
Prof. Fujikawa:
I think it is much easier to integrate in Latin America than in Europe because of their language. In Europe, there are many languages, and each country has their own language. But in Latin America, there is mainly one language, Spanish.
(I’m sorry I couldn’t understand your questions and answers because of difficulties and rapid answers. I put together by cutting your comments.:Shoji Tsumura)
(1)I think Mr.Harada don't like neo-liveralim .
Professer Fuzikawa said , it is easier to integrate in Latin America than in Europe ,because of the language and so on.
But I don't think so , above all , they looks not willing to cooperate with each other .
After all , integration is difficult all over the world , I think .
by Junnosuke SHIBU(4th grade)
(2)I'm unfamiliar with Latin America. So for me, this subject was difficult to understand. But His presentation, in particular his power point was so simple that I could know the basic knowledge about Latin America.
But I think that we couldn't discuss so heatedly because there were no students who knew this field of the history well in this class.
by Yuuki KUROKAWA(3rd grade)
(3)To Mr. Harada
To be honest, your presentation was a little bit difficult for me. And I thought that we have to study social science. You research Latin America and it rare to study those areas because many students tend to study history of America or Europe. So your research will be valuable.
And last--------you are a good pitcher.
by Yasuhiro FUJIMURA(3rd grade)